পরিবেশ দূষণের জন্য দায়ী পৃথিবীর বারোটি মারাত্মক বিষাক্ত রাসায়নিক দ্রব্যের সাধারণ দলগত নাম ডার্টি ডজন (Dirty Dozen) ।
এ ১২টি রাসায়নিক পদার্থের মধ্যে আটটি কীটনাশক: অলড্রিন (aldrin), ডায়েলড্রিন (dieldrin), ক্লোরডেন (chlordane), এনড্রিন (endrin), হেপ্টাক্লোর (heptachlor),
ডিডিটি (DDT), মিরেক্স (mirex) এবং টক্সাফিন (toxaphene); দুটি শিল্পজাত রাসায়নিক দ্রব্য: পিসিবি (PCBs) এবং
হেক্সাক্লোরোবেনজিন (hexachlorobenzene); এবং অন্য দুটি ডাইওক্সিন (dioxin) ও ফিউরান (furan), কল-কারখানায় উৎপন্ন অনাকাঙ্ক্ষিত উপজাত।
জেনে নিন>> আধুনিক পদ্ধতিতে হাইব্রিড মরিচ চাষ পদ্ধতি
খাদ্যচক্রে প্রবেশ করে এ মারাত্মক বিষগুলি সারা পৃথিবীর প্রায় সব পরিবেশের সব ধরনের জীবজন্তুর ওপর তীব্র প্রতিক্রিয়া ঘটায়।
মাছ ও অন্যান্য জলজ জীবের ওপর অতিমাত্রায় বিষাক্ত হওয়ার কারণে তদানীন্তন পূর্ব পাকিস্তানে (বর্তমানে বাংলাদেশ) ১৯৬২ সালে এনড্রিনের ব্যবহারের ওপর নিষেধাজ্ঞা জারি করা হয়।
১৯৯০-এর দশক থেকে ডিডিটি ব্যবহারের ওপরও বাধানিষেধ আরোপ করা হয়েছে, যদিও যুক্তরাষ্ট্রে এর ব্যবহার নিষিদ্ধ হয়েছে ১৯৭২ সাল থেকে।
অংশগ্রহন>> প্রাথমিক সহকারী শিক্ষক নিয়োগ প্রস্তুতিমূলক বাংলা পরীক্ষার মডেল টেস্ট- ৯
ফসলের ক্ষেতে মাটিতে বসবাসকারী ক্ষতিকর কীটপতঙ্গ দমনে দীর্ঘদিন বাংলাদেশে এদের ব্যাপক ব্যবহার হয়েছে।
সম্প্রতি অলড্রিন, ডায়েলড্রিন, ক্লোরডেন এবং হেপ্টাক্লোর ক্লোরিনসমৃদ্ধ জৈব সাইক্লোডাইন কীটনাশক (cyclodiene insecticides এদের দীর্ঘস্থায়ী বিষাক্ত অবশেষ (toxic residue) সম্বন্ধে জ্ঞাত হওয়ার পর এদের ব্যবহার এদেশে সীমিত করা হয়েছে।
বিশেষ করে ম্যালেরিয়ার জীবাণুবাহক মশা এবং অন্য আরও কয়েকটি রোগজীবাণুবাহক কীটপতঙ্গ দমনে এ কীটনাশকের অবদান এবং ভূমিকা অসামান্য। কিন্তু এর তীব্র বিষাক্ততা এবং পরিবেশে দীর্ঘদিন এর বিষাক্ত অবশেষ থেকে যাওয়ার কারণে পৃথিবীর প্রায় সব দেশেই ডিডিটি-এর ব্যবহার এখন নিষিদ্ধ।
জেনে নিন>> করলা বা উচ্ছে চাষ পদ্ধতি
ডিসেম্বর ২০০০-এ জোহানেসবার্গে বাংলাদেশসহ ১২২টি দেশের প্রতিনিধিদের পরিবেশ সংক্রান্ত বিষয়ে আলোচনার জন্য এক সম্মেলন হয়।
এ সম্মেলনে পরিবেশদূষক উল্লিখিত বারোটি বিষাক্ত রাসায়নিক দ্রব্য বা ‘ডার্টি ডজন’-এর ব্যবহার সীমিত করার ব্যাপারে সিদ্ধান্ত গৃহীত হয়।
ভবিষ্যতে পরিবেশ সংরক্ষণের প্রয়োজনে অন্য আরও রাসায়নিক দ্রব্য এ তালিকায় অন্তর্ভুক্ত করা যাবে বলেও মত প্রকাশ করা হয়।
তবে পৃথিবীর বিভিন্ন দেশ তাদের সুবিধা অনুযায়ী বাধানিষেধের সীমারেখা নিজেরাই ধার্য করতে পারবে।
গত ২৩ মে, ২০০১-এ স্টকহোমে ৯০টি দেশের কর্মকর্তারা সারা পৃথিবীতে বিভিন্ন রোগ ও মৃত্যুর জন্য ‘ডার্টি ডজন’-কে দায়ী করে এর ব্যবহার বন্ধ বা সীমিত করার ব্যাপারে জাতিসংঘের একটি যুগান্তকারী চুক্তিতে স্বাক্ষর করেন।
তথ্য সুত্র:বাংলা পিডিয়া
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